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Stage monitor system
Stage monitor systems are speakers on stage pointing towards the performers to help them hear themselves. Monitor speakers are useful when amplified instruments are used with acoustic instruments and voice.〔http://www.mackie.com/pdf/CMRefGuide/Tips_Ch8.pdf Taming The Wild Sage Monitor〕 Monitor speakers typically have their own power amplifier(s) and equalizers. They are driven by a separate mix from the main or front of house system. This mix typically highlights the vocals and acoustic instruments so they can be heard over the electronic instruments and drums.〔http://www.sweetwater.com/expert-center/glossary/t--StageMonitor Stage Monitor〕 The collection of monitor speakers, amplifiers, equalizers and monitor mixer if used is called the stage monitor system or simply monitors. In Britain the term foldback or foldback speakers is often used.
==History==
In the early 1960s, many professional live sound engineers were wrestling with the problem of giving the musical artist enough of their own voice to stay in tune during a performance. Using monitor loudspeakers may have been developed independently by sound engineers in different cities who were trying to resolve this problem during the 1960s. The first recorded time that a loudspeaker was used specifically as a stage monitor was for Judy Garland at the San Francisco Civic Auditorium on September 13, 1961. It was provided by McCune Sound Service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Local Crew: McCune Sound )〕〔(''Another Sensational Evening With Judy!''(Reference only for date of concert) )〕
Early stage monitors were simply speakers on each side of the stage pointed at the performers driven by the same mix as the FOH because PA mixers rarely had auxiliary send mixes. Today these would be called "side fill" monitors. Bill Hanley working with Neil Young of the Buffalo Springfield was the first person to combine putting the speaker on the floor angled up at the performer with directional microphones to allow louder volumes with less feedback.〔http://www.billhanley.org/innovation/ Innovations credited to Bill include the following...〕
Bob Cavin, a former engineer at McCune Sound, designed the first monitor mixer designed expressly for stage monitoring. He also designed the first stage monitor loudspeaker that had two different listening angles.〔(Bob Cavin. ''Inventions'' )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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